Abstract
The steady flow of particles evaporated from a cylindrical jet into vacuum is studied on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation of the Boltzmann equation. The cases of very small and very large Knudsen numbers Kn can be treated analytically using ideal gas dynamics and collision-free flow, respectively. Here the simulation yields very good agreement with theory, indicating that the code can be used on a wide range of Knudsen numbers. For the gas-dynamical case a Knudsen layer is formed by the equilibration of the flow in the vicinity of the jet; it is studied in some detail. Simulation of a flow at Kn≂1 shows that the radial velocity component attains equilibrium nowhere. This example models a recent experiment on the evaporation from liquid water jets, and gives good agreement with the measured speed ratio.
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