Abstract
Heavy metals removal/recovery from industrial wastewater has become a prime concern for both economic and environmental reasons. This paper describes a comparative kinetic study of the removal/recovery of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by bulk liquid membrane using two types of coupled facilitated transport mechanisms and three carriers of different chemical nature: benzoylacetone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and tri-n-octylamine. The results are analyzed by means of a kinetic model involving two consecutive irreversible first-order reactions (extraction and stripping). Rate constants and efficiencies of the extraction (k1, EE) and the stripping (k2, SE) reactions, and maximum fluxes through the membrane, were determined for the three carriers to compare their efficiency in the Cu(II) removal/recovery process. Counter-facilitated transport mechanism using benzoylacetone as carrier and protons as counterions led to higher maximum flux and higher extraction and stripping efficiencies due to the higher values of both the extraction and the stripping rate constants. Acceptable linear relationships between EE and k1, and between SE and k2, were found.
Highlights
In recent years, the removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewaters of industrial effluents, water supplies, and mine waters have received much attention
Copper is one of the most widespread heavy metals, widely used in industrial processes such as mining, metallurgy, plating, steel manufacturing, paper and pulp, fertilizer, paint and pigments, petroleum refining, wood preservatives, and printing circuits [1,2], and it is often present in the wastewater of these industrial processes
A wide variety of techniques has been developed for the removal/recovery of copper ions from wastewater including cementation [6], precipitation [7], solvent extraction [8], adsorption [9]
Summary
The removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewaters of industrial effluents, water supplies, and mine waters have received much attention. Copper is one of the most widespread heavy metals, widely used in industrial processes such as mining, metallurgy, plating, steel manufacturing, paper and pulp, fertilizer, paint and pigments, petroleum refining, wood preservatives, and printing circuits [1,2], and it is often present in the wastewater of these industrial processes. It is a micronutrient, but it is considered to be one of the most toxic metals by the World. Metals2016, 6, 212 electrodialysis [15], processes [16],[16], liquidliquid membranes [17,18,19,20], and electrodialysis [15], pressure pressuredriven drivenmembrane membrane processes membranes [17,18,19,20], combined methods (chelation plus pressure‐driven membranes processes) [21].
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