Abstract
Organic wastes, food wastes and trimming yard (FW and YT) were composted using selected fungal strains (Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), Lentinus tigrinus (LT), Aspergilus niger (ASP) and Penicillium Spp (PEN)) in a solid state bioconversion process. Results obtained at P ≤ 0.05 after ten harvests indicated the minimum value of germination index (GI) in the open system was 43 ± 105% while in the closed system it was 46 ± 132% respectively. The simplest zero and first order kinetic models described the microbial mineralization of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) relatively (R2 range of 0.87-0.99), but the second order model explained the observed kinetics of the solid state bioconversion (SSB) better with R2 range of 0.87–0.98 and a positive decay coefficient (k). The decay coefficient which indicates if all the components of the biomass decomposed at the same rate increases from -0.0584 to 2×10-4 for Phanerochaete chrysosporium stream & -0.0578 to 2×10-4 for Lentinustigrinus stream in the open system across the zero, first and second order.
Highlights
Asia produces the largest amount of Urban Food Waste (UFW), which is expected to increase from 251 to 418 million tonnes (45% to 53% of total world UFW) from 1995 to 2025
This paper presents results of an attempt undertaken to identify and understand the cycling of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, germination index (GI) and degree of degradation in the composting systems, there is need to describe the decomposition kinetics and the biodegradability of the substrate involved
The selected fungi used in this study includes: Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC); Lentinus tigrinus (LT); Aspergilus niger (ASP) and Penicillium spp (PEN)
Summary
Asia produces the largest amount of Urban Food Waste (UFW), which is expected to increase from 251 to 418 million tonnes (45% to 53% of total world UFW) from 1995 to 2025. SSB, has been applied to composting of agricultural wastes for mushroom cultivation and production of organic acids. Often used for soil studies, community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) have been rarely applied to compost, probably for the lack of standardized methodology. In another research carried by [7] for the degradation process was monitored, along with temperature, pH, total organic carbon, for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the composting process of compost heaps in two different bioreactors (open and closed) at three different depth. Compost from vegetable residues is usually used as an organic amendment to soil; their thermal degradation characteristics show that it could be used as raw material in air gasification facilities. According to the obtained data by [8], hydrogen production is positively affected by composting, increasing hydrogen concentration. Using nth-order kinetic equations to describe component degradations, they have calculated a set of kinetic parameters which do not differ of the reported for other lignocellulosic materials
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