Abstract
AbstractA simplified mathematical model for the estimation of the rate of removal of ammonia during the ozonation of seawater was developed, considering the kinetics of the interactions between ozone and both the chloride and bromide ions in seawater during oxidant formation and oxidation of ammonia. The model also considered effects of the rate of ozone mass transfer and the pH. The rates of removal of ammonia in the pH range between 6.5 and 9.0 coincided well with the values estimated by this model. It was also shown that stripping of ammonia during air/ozone treatment considerably affected the rate of removal of ammonia when the pH was higher than 8.5. The chloride ion, which is the dominant ion in seawater, showed a negligible contribution to the oxidation of ammonia during ozonation. The formation of BrO3−, classified as a carcinogen did not occur as long as ammonia was still present.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
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