Abstract
ABSTRACT In order to investigate the effect of guanylurea phosphate-ammonium polyphosphate-silica sol on the combustion and pyrolysis characteristics of Masson Pine, UL-94 horizontal and vertical burner, LOI tester, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the flame retardant wood, and Coats-Redfern model was used to analyze its pyrolysis kinetics. The results showed that the combined use of guanylurea phosphate-ammonium polyphosphate-silica sol had a significant synergic flame retardant effect on Masson pine. When the mass ratio of guanylurea phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and silica sol was 2:1:1, the heat release rate and total heat release of flame retardant pine were decreased by 54.7% and 44.7% compared with pure Masson pine, and the LOI was increased by 77.8% compared with the control group. In addition, the addition of silica sol in the flame retardant reduces the effect of flame retardant on the mechanical properties of wood. Raman analysis of carbon layer showed that the R-value of char residue decreased by 5% and 13% when the mass fraction ratio of guanylurea phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and silica sol was 5:1:2 and 2:1:1, respectively, indicating that the compound flame retardant effectively promoted the conversion of amorphous carbon into graphite structure. The TG results of the 5:1:2 and 2:1:1 ratios of guanylurea phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and silica sol groups showed that the pyrolysis temperature of flame-retardant pine advanced by about 100°C at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and the final char residue rate and apparent activation energy were 15.22%, 18.61%, 24.35 kJ/mol, and 23.76 kJ/mol, respectively. These results indicated that the synergistic flame retardant system of guanylurea phosphate-ammonium polyphosphate-silica sol reduced the apparent activation energy of pine pyrolysis, effectively inhibited the pyrolysis of Masson Pine, and enhanced the thermal stability, char forming ability, and flame retardant property.
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