Abstract
The kinetics of ecotoxicant transport through the membrane was studied. The ecotoxicants studied were pecticides widely used in agriculture: lontrel (clopyralid), sencor (metribuzin), basagran (bentazon), roundup (glyphosate), kusagard (alloxydim sodium), and sethoxydim, as well as lontrel complexes with cobalt and copper. All compounds considered penetrate through the model phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes. The transfer rate was monitored by fluorescence quenching of ?-ATP inside the liposomes. The mathematical model for the process was proposed, and the mass transfer rates were calculated. The octanol/water partition constants were determined. All the compounds con- sidered were shown to accumulate in the fatty layer. The kinetics of their accumulation was studied, and the rates of accumulation in the nonpolar phase were calculated, which correlate with the complexation constants of the same compounds. Bioaccumulation of the toxicants is caused by the formation of complexes with the fatty phase (lipid part) of the cellular membranes. The toxicants under study transferred into the nonpolar phase with a considerable rate dur- ing the whole observation time, namely, 18 months.
Highlights
Technogenic ecotoxicant xenobiotics, such as pesticides, are presently predominant contaminants of the environment [1,2]
The ecotoxicants studied were pecticides widely used in agriculture: lontrel, sencor, basagran, roundup, kusagard, and sethoxydim, as well as lontrel complexes with cobalt and copper
All the compounds considered were shown to accumulate in the fatty layer. The kinetics of their accumulation was studied, and the rates of accumulation in the nonpolar phase were calculated, which correlate with the complexation constants of the same compounds
Summary
Technogenic ecotoxicant xenobiotics (foreign substances for living cells), such as pesticides, are presently predominant contaminants of the environment [1,2]. They can accumulate in biological systems at almost all trophic levels. Xenobiotics accumulate mainly in the lipid part of cellular membranes by binding of the samples with membrane proteins or lipids [3]. Among various physicochemical properties of a pesticide sample, lipophilicity exerts a determining effect on the character of interaction of the sample with the lipid bilayer. Lipophilicity is usually characterized by the octanol/water partition coefficient (Koct/H2O)
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