Abstract
Aleppo bentonite was investigated to remove ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the several factors affecting the removal process, including contact time, pH of solution, bentonite dosage, ion strength, and temperature. The optimum contact time, pH of solution and bentonite dosage were determined to be 60 minutes, 6 and 0.15 g/50 ml, respectively. The bentonite efficiency in removing CIP decreased from 89.9% to 53.21% with increasing Ionic strength from 0 to 500mM, and it increased from 89% to 96.9% when the temperature increased from 298 to 318 K. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order model was the best in describing the adsorption system. The adsorption equilibrium data is better represented by the Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities of CIP were defined as 243.9, 270.27, 285.71 mg/g at 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were figured out showing that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic according to the negative values of ∆Gº and positive value of ∆Hº respectively. Based on these results, Aleppo bentonite seems to be an effective raw material for CIP adsorption and removal from aqueous solutions.
Highlights
Antibiotics have been accounted as pollutants that were getting more and more important since the last twenty years [1, 2]
Adsorption kinetic studies are considered as one of the substantial methods for clarifying the efficiency of an adsorption process and assessing the time required for the complete process
One hour was chosen as the optimum contact time or equilibrium time at which the adsorbed CIP amount is the maximum adsorption capacity of bentonite under the same conditions mentioned above 17
Summary
Antibiotics have been accounted as pollutants that were getting more and more important since the last twenty years [1, 2]. They constituted of -critical compounds within the environmental pollutants that are difficult to remove in the water systems [2, 3] These compounds can be found in the environment mostly as a result of their use in human and veterinary medicine, and the incompetence of wastewater treatment units in removing them. Ciprofloxacin (CIP; C17H18O3N3F) is a synthetic compound that belongs to a group of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones (FQs), and widely used of human health in many countries 5 It can be discharged into aquatic systems coming from municipal or hospital wastewater because of its deficient metabolism in humans, or from discharges of pharmaceutical industries, as conventional water treatments cannot remove CIP 6. Higher concentrations (up to 50 mg/L and 150 μg/L) were observed in wastewater from industrial effluent and hospital effluent respectively [8, 9]
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