Abstract
Titanium silicate ETS-4 was synthesized in Na, Na-K, Na-Li, and Na-Ca containing gels. The partial replacement of sodium with potassium leads to a change in the kinetics behavior of the crystallization curves, which becomes a function of the content of potassium in the gel. The presence of calcium or lithium in the initial gel increases substantially the nucleation time and the time to attain a maximum degree of crystallinity (Na/Ca = 3.5 and Na/Li = 3.5). The higher concentration of calcium and lithium (Na/Ca = 2.6 and Na/Li = 2.6) leads to the formation of dense calcium- and lithium-containing phases. All the cations used change strongly the morphology of the grown ETS-4 crystals.
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