Abstract
Dissipative relativistic fluid-dynamical descriptions of the extended fireball formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are quite successful, yet require a prescription for converting the fluid into particles. We present arguments in favour of using a locally anisotropic momentum distribution for the particles emitted from the fluid, so as to smooth out discontinuities introduced by the usual conversion prescriptions. Building on this ansatz, we investigate the effect of the asymmetry on several observables of heavy ion physics.
Highlights
Dissipative relativistic fluid-dynamical descriptions of the extended fireball formed in high-energy heavyion collisions are quite successful; yet they require a prescription for converting the fluid into particles
A large amount of the dynamical properties of the fireball created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei—be it at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) or at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)—can be described to a good approximation within the framework of relativistic fluid dynamics
We have argued that there are two main motivations for resorting to an anisotropic momentum distribution to describe the transition from usual dissipative fluid dynamics to a particle description at the end of the evolution of the fireball created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Summary
A large amount of the dynamical properties of the fireball created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei—be it at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) or at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)—can be described to a good approximation within the framework of relativistic fluid dynamics (see Ref. [1] for a critical review). At each point on the freeze-out hypersurface, particles are emitted with a given phase space distribution f (x, p).. Fi (x, p) is usually taken to be the equilibrium thermal distribution—which is appropriate for a perfect fluid—or a near-equilibrium distribution including “correction terms” that match the stress energy tensor of a dissipative fluid. Determining these corrections either from pure theory [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] or within more phenomenological datadriven approaches [14,15] is an ongoing effort. Some of the findings of Ref. [16] naturally translate into similar results in our case
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