Kinetic Features for the Identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz Vortices in In Situ Observations

Abstract

Abstract The boundaries identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in observational data has been addressed by searching for single-spacecraft small-scale signatures. A recent hybrid Vlasov–Maxwell simulation of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability has pointed out clear kinetic features that uniquely characterize the vortex during both the nonlinear and turbulent stage of the instability. We compare the simulation results with in situ observations of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices by the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. We find good agreement between simulation and observations. In particular, the edges of the vortex are associated with strong current sheets, while the center is characterized by a low value for the magnitude of the total current density and strong deviation of the ion distribution function from a Maxwellian distribution. We also find a significant temperature anisotropy parallel to the magnetic field inside the vortex region and strong agyrotropies near the edges. We suggest that these kinetic features can be useful for the identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in in situ data.