Abstract
Steep plasma pressure gradient can be stably sustained in tokamaks if the magnetic shear s is weak, either positive or negative. A fully kinetic integral equation code has been developed to investigate stability of the drift and ballooning modes in tokamaks. For small shear |s|≪1 where the magnetohydrodynamic ballooning mode is known to be stable, the kinetic ballooning mode is stable only if the pressure gradient exceeds a threshold.
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