Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine kinetic and kinematic characteristics of various types of 2-point and 3-point basketball shooting approaches and determine which variables have the greatest contribution in discriminating proficient (PRO) from non-proficient (N-PRO) shooters. While standing on a force plate, twenty-nine recreationally active males performed a total of 1740 shots by utilizing stationary and step-in shooting approaches. Two high-definition cameras were used to simultaneously capture kinematic parameters of shooting motions. The type of shooting approach showed as a non-influential factor. During the preparatory phase of the shooting motion, PRO 2-point shooters demonstrated higher elbow and basketball height placements, greater flexion in the shoulder and elbow joints while attaining greater release and entry ball angles during the release phase. PRO 3-point shooters demonstrated greater elbow flexion, higher basketball placement, and less hip flexion during the preparatory phase while attaining greater heel, release, and trajectory heights during the release phase. When entered into a full-model discriminant function analysis, elbow angle, elbow height, and release angle variables correctly classified PRO from N-PRO 2-point shooters in 62.1% of cases and hip angle, heel height, and elbow angle variables correctly classified PRO from N-PRO 3-point shooters in 81.6% of cases.
Highlights
Basketball is one of the most popular sports played on various levels of international competition
The influence of the shooting approach on kinetic and kinematic parameters of 2-point and 3-point shooting motions has been excluded from further data analysis as a non-influential factor
A significant main effect was found for shooting distance (F[16,147] = 22.286, p = < 0.001, Λ = 0.292, η p2 = 0.708) as well as the interaction between shooting distance and proficiency (F[16,147] = 2.836, p = < 0.001, Λ = 0.764, η p2 = 0.024), confirming that 2-point and 3-point shots are very distinct types of shooting motions based on their biomechanical characteristics
Summary
Basketball is one of the most popular sports played on various levels of international competition. The fast pace of play resulting in scoring opportunities every few ball possessions, rapid changes in score, and highly athletic motions make this sport appealing to a large audience. While performance indicators such as rebounds, assists, personal fouls, and turnovers may impact the desired game outcome, the only way for teams to score points is by putting the ball through the hoop. Successful 2-point and 3-point field goal performance was one of the factors with the greatest discriminating power in distinguishing between winning and losing teams on an elite level of professional basketball competition [3]. Considering the impact on securing a victorious game outcome, a detailed analysis of biomechanical parameters of these types of shooting motions is crucial for obtaining a better insight on proper shooting technique, and assuring further improvements in athletes’ shooting performances
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