Kinetic analysis of the mechanochemical syntheses of dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium

Abstract

ABSTRACTKinetic models for the ‘molecular’ mechanochemical syntheses of α- and β-dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium (PdLnI2, where n specifies the number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the ligand and α and β refer to the substitution of the alkyl chain) are explored. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Yerofeev–Kolmogrov (JMAYK) model was determined to best fit the data obtained via 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixtures over time. A rate enhancement, and corresponding increase in the Avrami exponent, was observed when the complex formed was liquid crystalline at milling temperatures.