Kinematics of the retractable roofing module constructed from three roof panels

Abstract

Retractable roof modules in existing constructions consist of one or two roof panels driven by one drive unit. Usually, the Class II mechanisms used are in the form of a four-bar linkage, whose task is to absorb sudden surges in wind. The pre-set objective sought new solutions that would allow the implementation of roof modules with an increased number of panels, for example, three or more. The movement of the mechanisms is strictly defined; therefore, the focus was on their use as a movable skeleton for roof panels. The research problems involved the realisation in terms of geometry, kinematics, and production technology that would ensure efficient opening and closing of the roof module. The main research methods used were simulation and modelling. A structural analysis was carried out for the research models based on parametric modelling, which allowed for their multiple modifications. Virtual modules were subjected to real-time kinematic analysis. One case was selected for which the lengths of the roof panels, their angular acceleration, and velocities were determined. The design concept for roofing based on European design standards and solutions used in the structures of single-girder top-mounted cranes was presented. Received a roof module consist of two articulated four-bar linkages and it provides 95% of open space. One bogie drive sets three roof panels in motion; two of them have the same length, and the panel connected to the drive is 20% longer. The coverage span of the roof is 2.94 times that of the panel length. The roof module was compared with the existing Wimbledon Centre Court (UK) structure, in which the module consists of two roof panels of equal length. The coverage span under the module is 1.97 of the panel length. The obtained in research solution provides twice the coverage span, which is 3.94 of the panel length.Research has shown that it is possible to obtain retractable roofs that cover larger spaces by using, for example, a smaller number of driving mechanisms or lattice girders. Consequently, this can lead to lighter constructions and is thus more economical. The structure can be used more widely as a movable wall, protecting against heating the interior of the building or as a frame for a photovoltaic panels that follows the movement of the sun.