Kinematical Conformal Cosmology: Fundamental Parameters from Astrophysical Observations

Gabriele U Varieschi

doi:10.5402/2011/806549

Abstract

We continue the presentation of an alternative cosmology based on conformal gravity, following our kinematical approach to the subject introduced in a recent paper. In line with the assumptions of our model, which proposes a closed-form expression for the cosmic scale factor , we revise the Hubble and deceleration parameters and introduce modified cosmological distances, analyzing in particular the case of the luminosity distance. Our kinematical conformal cosmology is then able to explain the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft, as due to a local region of gravitational blueshift. From the reported data of the Pioneer anomaly, we also compute the current value of our first fundamental parameter, , in line with the original estimate by P. Mannheim of this quantity. Our second fundamental parameter, , interpreted as the current value of a cosmological time variable, is derived from a detailed fitting of type Ia supernovae “gold-silver” data, producing Hubble plots of the same quality of those obtained by standard cosmology, but without requiring any dark matter or dark energy contribution. If further experiments will confirm the presence of an anomalous frequency blueshift in the outer region of the solar system, as described by our model, kinematical conformal cosmology might become a viable alternative to standard cosmological theories.

Highlights

This paper is the second part of a project aimed at introducing an alternative cosmology based on conformal gravity (CG), as originally proposed by Weyl [1,2,3] and recently revisited by Mannheim and Kazanas [4,5,6]
This was based on a critical reanalysis of fundamental astrophysical observations, starting with the cosmological redshift, and on the fact that modern metrology defines our common units of length and time using nongravitational physics, that is, through emission, propagation, and absorption of electromagnetic waves or similar phenomena
We started with static standard coordinates (SSC) (r, t, θ, φ) which are used to express the MK solution for a static, spherically symmetric source, and we have shown how, far away from massive sources, the MK metric can be transformed into the RW one, by employing a new set of space-time coordinates, denoted in bold type (r, t, θ, φ), where the angular coordinates are not affected by the transformations

Summary

Introduction

This paper is the second part of a project aimed at introducing an alternative cosmology based on conformal gravity (CG), as originally proposed by Weyl [1,2,3] and recently revisited by Mannheim and Kazanas [4,5,6]. We have shown in our first paper how the original MK potential can support this explanation and how the chain of transformations, from static standard coordinates used in the MK solution to the Robertson Walker coordinates, can lead to a unique expression of the cosmic scale factor R In this way, the conformal symmetry of the universe is “kinematically” broken, and the precise amount of stretching at each space-time point can be determined, once certain parameters of the original MK potential are measured. The conformal symmetry of the universe is “kinematically” broken, and the precise amount of stretching at each space-time point can be determined, once certain parameters of the original MK potential are measured In this second paper, we will show how we can determine these fundamental parameters using astrophysical data, such as the luminosities of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and others.

Kinematical Conformal Cosmology

Cosmological Parameters

Consequences of the Model

Conclusions