Abstract
Background: The rearfoot varus wedge (RVW) is a common treatment for foot pain and valgus deformity. There is research on its effects in the calcaneus, but there is little research on the navicular. More research is needed with the use of RVW due to the relationship that exists between the position of the navicular and the risk of suffering an injury. Objectives: this study sought to understand how RVW can influence the kinematics of the navicular bone, measuring their movement with the 6 SpaceFastrak system. Methods: a total of 60 subjects participated in the study. Two sensors were used to measure the movement of the calcaneus and navicular using RVWs as compared in the barefoot position in a static way. Results: there were statistically significant differences, the use of RVWs caused changes in the navicular bone, with subjects reaching the maximum varus movement with the use of RVW 7 mm of 1.35 ± 2.41° (p < 0.001), the maximum plantar movement flexion with the use of RVW 10 mm of 3.93 ± 4.44° (p < 0.001). Conclusions: when RVWs were placed under the calcaneus bone, the navicular bone response was in varus movement too; thus, the use of rearfoot varus wedge can influence the movement of the navicular bone.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Marco IosaA flat foot is a biomechanical condition characterized by a low medial arch, increased calcaneus eversion, and abduction of the forefoot [1]
A total of 60 subjects (34 women and 26 men) participated in the study; the authors used the baseline condition without wedges as a control group, and it was compared with the result with the use of wedges in the same subjects. (Figure 4) 60 participants were enrolled
In light of the obtained results, the present study demonstrated that the use of the rearfoot varus wedge generated in subjects’ abduction movements for the transverse plane in the navicular bone (p < 0.05), plantar flexion movement for the sagittal plane (p < 0.001), and varus movement (p < 0.001) for the frontal plane
Summary
Academic Editor: Marco IosaA flat foot is a biomechanical condition characterized by a low medial arch, increased calcaneus eversion, and abduction of the forefoot [1]. Nester et al [8] quantified the effect of the foot orthoses with a varus wedge, decreasing the pronation range and peak pronation velocity during the contact phase; they decreased the total range of motion of the rearfoot. These results were duplicated in the studies by Majumdar et al [9] and McCulloch et al [10] in which foot orthoses with a varus wedge obtained a reduction in maximum rearfoot eversion when walking and running. The therapeutic effect of foot orthoses is still controversial today It is common in the use of pathologies, such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, where they can change ankle joint motion, angular impulses [11], and sagittal plane biomechanics [12]
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