Kinematic analyses of the asymmetric boudins in the Tutak area within the Zagros hinterland fold-and-thrust belt, Iran

Abstract

Exhumation of the Tutak gneiss dome occurred in a transpressional regime between the Arabian plate and the Central Iranian microcontinent. The Tutak gneiss dome is located in the eastern part of the basement-involved Zagros hinterland fold-and-thrust belt. This dome consists of exhumed middle crust including the Tutak and Sourian metamorphic complexes, which are lied on its core and edges, respectively. Integrated structural, microstructural, and flow vorticity analyses in quartzo-feldspathic mylonites and well-developed asymmetrical boudins provide significant information regarding the kinematic characteristics coeval with the Tutak gneiss dome development. Asymmetrical boudins have been used as potential shear sense markers throughout the mantle of the Tutak gneiss dome. The deformed quarzitic layers within the slate belt host domino and shear-band boudins, demonstrating both sinistral and dextral shear senses. The mean vorticity number (Wm) was estimated from the quartzo-feldspathic mylonites and asymmetric boudins. Using the hyperbolic distribution (HD) and the RXZ strain ratio/quartz c-axis fabric (RXZ/β) methods. The estimated Wms from the HD method and quartz c-axis patterns are 0.69 to 0.82 and 0.6 to 0.92, respectively, suggesting a combination of 41% to 72% simple- and 28% to 59% pure-shear components. The close match confirms that asymmetric boudins can be a good strain estimator. The estimated deformation temperature (528.33 ± 50 °C) from the opening angles (OAs) of quartz c-axes suggests amphibolite facies conditions. Our results show that the Tutak gneiss dome developed under sub-simple shear conditions, which stretched and shortened the dome parallel and orthogonal to the transpressional boundaries, respectively.