Abstract
Antiviral drugs currently on the market primarily target proteins encoded by specific viruses. The drawback of these drugs is that they lack antiviral mechanisms that account for resistance or viral mutation. Thus, there is a pressing need for researchers to explore and investigate new therapeutic agents with other antiviral strategies. Viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alter canonical signaling pathways to create a favorable biochemical environment for infectivity. We used Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to review the function of several cellular kinases and the resulting perturbed signaling pathways during HIV infection such as NF-κB signaling. These host cellular kinases such as ADK, PKR, MAP3K11 are involved during HIV infection at various stages of the life cycle. Additionally IPA analysis indicated that these modified host cellular kinases are known to have interactions with each other especially AKT1, a serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple pathways. We present a list of cellular host kinases and other proteins that interact with these kinases. This approach to understanding the relationship between HIV infection and kinase activity may introduce new drug targets to arrest HIV infectivity.
Highlights
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae family that adversely affects the immune system which can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1]
We used Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to review the function of several cellular kinases and the resulting perturbed signaling pathways during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection such as NF-κB signaling
This can be attributed to organizations such as UNAIDS increasing knowledge about HIV, as well as there being a higher distribution of antiretroviral drugs to these lower income areas
Summary
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae family that adversely affects the immune system which can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1]. The last stage is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS [4] This stage occurs when the immune system is so badly damaged that the infected person contracts multiple opportunistic infections such as Molluscum contagiosum, Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, cytomegalovirus-associate retinitis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma [1] [5]. Once this stage is reached, the typical life expectancy is about three years without treatment [2]. By 1985, AIDS had been identified in all regions of the world [6]
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