Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Rare Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy.

Zubayer Ahmed,Jihan A Mostafa,Amudhan Kannan,Ugochi Ojinnaka,Huma Quadir,Mrunanjali Gaddam,Knkush Hakobyan

doi:10.7759/cureus.17021

Abstract

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare benign disease, clinically characterized by fever and tender cervical lymphadenopathy affecting the posterior cervical lymph nodes. This disease is usually accompanied by night sweats, rashes, and headaches. It generally affects young individuals, especially females, of Oriental-Asian origin. The etiology of KFD remains uncertain, but associations have been noted with viral diseases including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), as well as autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome. This review points out the etiology of KFD with cervical lymphadenopathy alongside its clinical presentation, histological highlights, lab investigations, complications, and treatment. Accurate diagnosis of this disease depends on lymph node excisional biopsy. Three histological patterns of KFD are recognized: proliferative, necrotizing, and xanthomatous. Distinction from lymphadenopathy-associated alternate disorders (e.g., SLE, malignancy, tuberculosis, or another infectious lymphadenitis) is essential to ensure appropriate therapy. This self-limited condition entails nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief with consideration of corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine in severe cases.

Highlights

BackgroundThe Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) was first described in 1972 by Japanese scientist Seishi Kikuchi, who identified it as a rare benign disorder, and by Y
The etiology of KFD remains uncertain, but associations have been noted with viral diseases including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), as well as autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome
Based on the results in histology and immunohistochemistry, it is seen that an overwhelming reaction to numerous organisms may cause KFD lymphadenopathy with fever [2]

Summary

Introduction

The Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) was first described in 1972 by Japanese scientist Seishi Kikuchi, who identified it as a rare benign disorder, and by Y. Fujimoto, who reported it separately in the same year. Skin rash, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat can be associate with KFD [1, 2]. It resembles other diseases associated with lymph nodes. Previous reports have shown that KFD commonly affects young adults of Asian origin, more frequently females. Research from several Asian countries indicated that both males and females are affected

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