Abstract
Background: The kidney volume is a very reliable ultrasound measure, reflecting contributions from all kidney parts. It could be affected by gender, body size and disease conditions. Its use in renal function assessment is based on its correlation with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Objectives: To assess the determinants and clinical correlates of kidney volume in hypertension and in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: The two-center study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (June-December 2017) and Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo (August 2019-January 2020). The kidneys of sixty participants who had hypertension without kidney disease (HWKD) and 58 with CKD were scanned from the front and back and their blood samples were taken for electrolytes and hemoglobin concentration. Result: The participants with CKD were significantly older than those with hypertension, P < 0.001. The mean kidney volume of hypertensives, 132.4 ± 18.3, was significantly higher than those with CKD, 63.7 ± 5.9, P < 0.001. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in hypertensives than in CKD, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), creatinine and the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were significantly higher in CKD than in hypertension, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: The mean kidney volume was higher in hypertension and in males. The GFR and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in hypertension than in CKD while blood pressure and ACR were significantly higher in CKD than in hypertension. Kidney volume was positively and negatively correlated with GFR and ACR respectively.
Highlights
The tradition of assessing kidney size and functional status using the kidney length is fast eroding
The kidneys of sixty participants who had hypertension without kidney disease (HWKD) and 58 with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were scanned from the front and back and their blood samples were taken for electrolytes and hemoglobin concentration
The mean kidney volume of females was less in both hypertensives without kidney disease and in CKD despite higher prevalence of both conditions in males
Summary
The tradition of assessing kidney size and functional status using the kidney length is fast eroding. Weish-Rasheid et al found among healthy volunteers, a positive association between kidney length and the body weight [3] Makusidi and his group found a positive correlation between the glomerular filtration rate and the kidney volume and kidney length in patients with CKD [4]. Korkmaz et al found the renal cortical thickness as a more reliable means of assessing the renal function through RUS compared to the kidney length [5]. The kidney volume is a very reliable ultrasound measure, reflecting contributions from all kidney parts It could be affected by gender, body size and disease conditions. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in hypertensives than in CKD, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 respectively.
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