Kidney Transplant in a Pediatric Patient With Congenital Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract.

Abstract

Kidney transplant is the gold standard surgical treatment for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. Over the past decade, the frequency and prevalence of chronic kidney disease in children have been increasing, with it being a serious problem worldwide. Kidney transplant in Uzbekistan is still at an early stage, with the first successful kidney transplant performed in 2018. Here, we describe a successful kidney transplant in a pediatric female patient with a congenital abnormality of the urinary tract. The patient first showed symptoms at 7 years of age and was diagnosed with urolithic illness with inflammation of both kidneys. At presentation, she was 14 years of age with end-stage chronic kidney disease (diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease at age 13 years) caused by an anomaly in the development of the urinary tract. She received a kidney transplant from her mother as a living donor. There was vesicoureteral reflux on both sides and ureterohydronephrosis from 2 sides. On day 9 posttransplant, her creatinine level decreased from 0.40 to 0.066 mmol/L. Doppler ultrasonogram showed normal size and echogenicity of the graft, as well as adequate blood flow in the renal and iliac vessels. The patient was discharged on day 10 posttransplant in a satisfactory condition. In about 50% of cases, the cause of chronic renal failure in children is congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. The most common causes of hydronephrosis in newborns and children are vesicourethral reflux, which leads to the expansion of the urinary tract collecting system and the development of chronic renal failure. Early and accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of urinary tract abnormalities can reduce the incidence of end-stage chronic kidney disease in children.