Kidney injury in patients who have contracted coronavirus disease: status of the problem today

Abstract

As of January 2021, 87.6 million cases of COVID-19 have been registered in the world, of which 1.9 million cases have resulted in death. In Ukraine, at the end of 2020, the number of cases of the disease was 1,099,493, of which 19,505 resulted in death. The progressive course of COVID-19 can induce severe damage to the lungs, kidneys, heart and other organs and systems with the formation of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure syndrome. Kidney damage in the case of COVID-19 is still considered to be mainly secondary and associated with hypoxia, ischemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation in the case of severe and extremely severe disease. However, it is worth noting that kidney damage also occurs against the background of the massive use of medications that are sufficiently nephrotoxic.The purpose of this work is to review scientific results, which contain information about the current state of the problem of kidney damage in patients who have contracted the coronavirus disease.Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased risk of infection with COVID-19, its severe course and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction, microangiopathy, coagulation disorders, and imbalance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are key links to kidney damage in the case of such concomitant pathology. An increase in the level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, the appearance and increase in the level of hematuria and proteinuria - these changes require careful study.Conclusions. 1. To date, scientific data on the mechanisms of kidney damage in patients with COVID-19 have been expanded. This makes it possible to develop methods of timely drug exposure to prevent the progression of renal function decline. 2. The incidence of acute kidney injury and mortality in COVID-19 patients with CKD is significantly higher than without CKD. 3. After recovery from COVID-19, patients with CKD should have dispensary observation and treatment.