Abstract

The attempt to reform a Soviet-type socio-political system, which was carried out in 1968 by reform-oriented forces within the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, has been up to now the most significant attempt to change the system ‘from above’ in any of the Soviet-Bloc countries; that is, the governing communist party was itself the initiator. During the years 1963-1967 the influence of reform-oriented currents within the party thus gradually grew ever stronger, and the conservative-oriented forces became increasingly defensive. The ideological and political developments in Czechoslovakia from 1963 were almost from the beginning discordant with tendencies which at that time were gaining predominance in the whole of the Soviet Bloc. For a long time before 1968 the reform-communist development in Czechoslovakia was thus, in fact, an isolated phenomenon. It was a delayed product of a former phase of the development of the Soviet Bloc.

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