Abstract
This review article delves into the pivotal role of keystone species in shaping and maintaining the balance of ecosystems. Exploring the historical roots of the keystone species concept, this review discusses their ecological significance, mechanisms of influence, and the far-reaching impacts of their presence or absence. Drawing on examples from terrestrial, aquatic, and forest ecosystems, this paper examine the intricate web of interactions that define keystone species. The article also addresses conservation challenges and opportunities, highlighting the importance of protecting these species to ensure the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems.
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