Abstract
Keys for the identification of all bryophytes presently known to occur in Hungary are presented. The three groups: Hornworts (2 taxa), Liverworts (149 taxa), and Mosses (541 taxa) are treated separately. Bryophyte identification using these keys proceeds in two steps: 1. Artificial keys to the genera, 2. Keys from genera to species, arranged systematically according to recent taxonomy. Each species of the Hungarian bryophyte flora is assigned to one of six frequency classes (very common: cc, common: c, widespread: w, rare: r, very rare: rr, not seen: n.s.). A glossary explaining the technical terms used in the keys and an index of genera are included.
Highlights
Philippi (2000, 2001) in German, Brugués et al (2007), Brugués and Guerra (2015), Guerra et al (2006, 2010, 2014, 2016) in Spanish, to name just a few). None of these treatments by itself allows the identification of all bryophytes presently known in the Hungarian bryophyte flora, except Frey et al (2006)
Seligeriaceae page 189 190 139 143. In some cases these keys are additional to the keys from genus to species, but in others there are no separate keys from genus to species
T.acaulon, T. caucasica, T. lindbergii, T. protobryoides, T. truncata). This approach, at first glance seeming to lack systematic rigour, should provide the possibility to enter the process of identification at various taxonomic levels and enable a comparison among taxa that could be confounded, in some cases not related taxonomically
Summary
Identification of Hungarian bryophytes up to now had to rely on either keys in Hungarian published 68 and 38 years ago, respectively, long out of print (Boros 1953, Orbán and Vajda 1983), and out-of-date in many respects, or on keys written in various languages for other countries or regions (e.g. for liverworts and hornworts: Smith (1991), Paton (1999), Damsholt (2002), Schumacker and Váňa (2005), Frey et al (2006), Casas et al (2009), Atherton et al (2010) in English, Gradstein and van Melick (1996), Siebel and During (2006) in Dutch, Müller (1905–1916, 1951–1958), Frahm and Frey (1992, 2004), Frey et al (1995), Nebel and Philippi (2005) in German; for mosses: Smith (1978, 2004), Casas et al (2006), Frey et al (2006), Atherton et al (2010) in English, Touw and Rubers (1989), Siebel and During (2006) in Dutch, Frahm and Frey (1992, 2004), Frey et al (1995), Nebel and. Time is overdue to present an accurate and updated tool for naming all bryophyte taxa of Hungary, including the many that have been discovered as new members of the Hungarian bryoflora in recent years. This need became urgent during the first stages of the Hungarian bryophyte recording project (Erzberger 2012, Erzberger and Németh 2016, Erzberger 2020) when new contributors to the project had to be guided in improving their identifications skills. For families with a ± clear-cut morphological definition, keys are provided directly to all or most species of the familiy (Table 1)
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