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Abstract
The equilibrium phase diagram (1175 °C in air), solubility ranges and room temperature physical properties (electrical, optical) were established for the various n-type transparent conductors in the CdO–In 2O 3–SnO 2 system. Extended solubility ranges were found to exist at constant Cd/Sn ratio for the bixbyite, spinel and orthorhombic perovskite phases. This is attributed to the isovalent and nearly size-matched nature of the co-substitution. Still larger solubility ranges were found for metastably-processed thin films. Co-doped bixyite and spinel phases were found to be inherently off-stoichiometric with respect to cation composition, leading to self-doped n-type character, in bulk and films. A correlation was found between optimized conductivity in the various phases and the density of octahedral Cd, In and/or Sn species in their crystal structures.
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