Abstract
Advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) refer to a variety of technical procedures that produce OH radicals to sufficiently oxidize wastewater, organic pollutant streams, and toxic effluents from industrial, hospital, pharmaceutical and municipal wastes. Through the implementation of such procedures, the (post) treatment of such waste effluents leads to products that are more susceptible to bioremediation, are less toxic and possess less pollutant load. The basic mechanism produces free OH radicals and other reactive species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc. A basic classification of AOPs is presented in this short review, analyzing the processes of UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton, ozone-based (O3) processes, photocatalysis and sonolysis from chemical and equipment points of view to clarify the nature of the reactive species in each AOP and their advantages. Finally, combined AOP implementations are favored through the literature as an efficient solution in addressing the issue of global environmental waste management.
Highlights
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) comprise environmentally friendly and innovative techniques in order to treat wastewater and enrich anti-pollutant technology procedures [1,2,3]
Common to all advanced oxidation processes is the formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), which are capable of acting as the main group of chemicals towards the decontamination and/or biodegradation of highly toxic and heavy pollutants in many fields of the global circular economy [6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
This review offers the ability to encourage the proper choice of AOP for specific wastewater
Summary
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) comprise environmentally friendly and innovative techniques in order to treat wastewater and enrich anti-pollutant technology procedures [1,2,3]. The presence of UV light radiation, if properly combined with hydrogen peroxide, may effectively produce OH radicals; simultaneously, UV light acts as a natural disinfectant agent for many organic pollutants and wastewater systems The applications of such systems have been reported in many fields, varying from the pharmaceutical sector [26,27,28] to the textile industry [9,29], organic pollutant removal [3,10,23,30,31,32,33], etc. A prototype annular photoreactor made of Plexiglas was photo-assisted by mercury 42 W amalgam lamps; all these experiments were conducted under continuous flow These parameters were investigated by Crapulli et al [37], for mechanistic modelling, combining different concentrations and UV radiation wavelengths in order to estimate the higher penetration depths of hydroxyl radicals (OH).
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