Abstract
Offshore wind farms will have larger capacities in the future than they do today. Thus, the costs that are associated with the installation of wind turbines and the connection of power grids will be much higher, thus the location of wind turbines and the design of internal cable connections will be even more important. A large wind farm comprises of hundreds of wind turbines. Modeling each using a complex model leads to long simulation times—especially in transient response analyses. Therefore, in the future, simulations of power systems with a high wind power penetration must apply the equivalent wind-farm model to reduce the burden of calculation. This investigation examines significant issues around the optimal design of a modern offshore wind farm layout and its equivalent model. According to a review of the literature, the wake effect and its modeling, layout optimization technologies, cable connection design, and wind farm reliability, are significant issues in offshore wind farm design. This investigation will summarize these important issues and present a list of factors that strongly influence the design of an offshore wind farm.
Highlights
Wind energy is recognized as an important renewable energy resource, whose development has mostly involved the construction of onshore and offshore wind farms
The cost and efficiency of an offshore wind farm are determined by a variety of factors, including the installation sites of the wind turbines, the number of wind turbines, the cable connection topology, long-term wind conditions, and others
Numerical modeling of the wind turbine wake represents a fundamental step in overall design optimization for an offshore wind farm
Summary
Wind energy is recognized as an important renewable energy resource, whose development has mostly involved the construction of onshore and offshore wind farms. The precise modeling of the dynamic properties of a wind farm is the basis for integrating it into a power grid. This investigation summarizes numerous important issues concerning the optimal design of an offshore wind farm layout and the modeling of an equivalent offshore wind farm. These issues involve wake models, wind farm efficiency, collected system design, techniques for optimizing wind turbine locations and cable connections, wind farm reliability, the cost of development of an offshore wind farm, the equivalent model of a wind power plant, and the parameters of an equivalent wind farm
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