Abstract
The unique features of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, related to their antigen recognition capacity, their tissue tropism, and their cytotoxic function, make these cells ideal candidates that could be targeted to induce durable immunity in the context of different pathologies. In this review, we focus on the main characteristics of human γδ T-cell subsets in diseases and the key mechanisms that could be explored to target these cells.
Highlights
Gamma-delta T cells are an important subset of “unconventional” T lymphocytes as they have the ability to recognize a broad range of antigens without the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules
Since Vδ1+ T cells were shown to express several NK receptors that are correlated with a high cytotoxic potential [26], they may constitute a potent therapeutic lymphocyte population that could be targeted for the immunotherapy of lymphocytic leukemia patients that are resistant to activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells
In a case of severe combined immunodeficiency patient, specific antibody responses to some infectious agents were reported with a predominance of Vδ2− γδ T-cell clones reactive against CMV-infected cells, suggesting functional potentials of γδ T cells in providing B cell help [57]
Summary
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are an important subset of “unconventional” T lymphocytes as they have the ability to recognize a broad range of antigens without the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Human γδ T-Cell Subsets in Diseases can produce granulysin, which is a potent anti-microbial protein [6, 7], and express ligands such as CD95L and Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, which engage several death receptors on target cells. The engagement of PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) expressed on activated γδ T cells downregulates IFN-γ production and their cytotoxic function [37].
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