Key barriers in MaaS development and implementation: Lessons learned from testing Corporate MaaS (CMaaS)

Xiaoyun Zhao,Bhavana Vaddadi,Martin Sjöman,Mia Hesselgren,Anna Pernestål

doi:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100227

Xiaoyun Zhao, Bhavana Vaddadi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100227

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Abstract

To reach the full potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), especially its projected positive environmental impacts, the barriers to development and implementation processes must be identified. However, studies identifying such MaaS barriers are rare. Following an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to bridge this gap by adding knowledge on barriers to MaaS development and implementation using four perspectives (service design, business model, user travel attitude and behavior, and system impacts). Following a systems thinking approach, the barriers are investigated at three levels (individual, organizational and societal) to show their relationships. This paper investigates a specific type of MaaS, namely Corporate Mobility as a Service (CMaaS). The results obtained by investigating a large-scale CMaaS pilot provide implications of general barriers to MaaS development and implementation. The findings presented in this paper provide knowledge and guidance to MaaS stakeholders.

Highlights

Urban planners and local authorities face many challenges brought by growing and aging populations, increased urbanization, traffic congestion, and increased air pollution
The barriers that have been identified by considering the service system from each perspective are connected to different phases of Corporate Mobility as a Service (CMaaS) development and implementation
The usefulness of the service system was addressed at the individual, the organizational and the societal level

Summary

Introduction

Urban planners and local authorities face many challenges brought by growing and aging populations, increased urbanization, traffic congestion, and increased air pollution. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is anticipated to have the potential to help authorities improve transport services and mitigate some of the difficulties that the transport sector faces (Sochor et al, 2016; Jittrapirom et al, 2018; Pangbourne et al, 2020). MaaS brings public and private sectors together to provide end-to-end customer travel solutions that deliver multimodal transport choices in seamless planning and payment systems (Heikkilä, 2014). There is a strong body of studies showing how MaaS could help reduce private car usage and emissions (Cole, 2018; Hoadley, 2017) as well as improve transport accessibility and travel experience (European Commission, 2016; Hensher, 2017). Outcomes from field surveys and MaaS trials have shown that MaaS can provide solutions to make people's travel more efficient and more sustainable (Kamargianni et al, 2018; Sochor et al, 2016; Strömberg et al, 2016, 2018)

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