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Abstract
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.
Highlights
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries
In systems like these, weed control is mostly based on the use of non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate
Information on the biology, ecology, agricultural and economic impact of johnsongrass is necessary to increase the sustainability of control strategies
Summary
The management of johnsongrass requires the effective control of both plants emerged from seeds and plants emerged from rhizomes. Van Esso and Ghersa [61] evaluated the efficacy of control practices for johnsongrass in soybean and sunflower cropping systems where the timing of cultural and chemical control practices was adjusted to weed phenological stages by using visually estimated indices and with a thermal calendar model to forecast the crucial period for johnsongrass propagation (when the population’s rhizome mass is minimal). The results revealed that visually estimated indices had an effect only in the sunflower, while with the thermal calendar, weed infestation was reduced in both cropping systems by more than 90%. In systems like these, weed control is mostly based on the use of non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate.
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