Abstract
Gas hydrates are widespread all over the world. They feature high energy density and are a clean energy source of great potential. The paper considers experimental and theoretical studies on gas hydrates in the following key areas: formation and dissociation, extraction and transportation technologies of natural methane hydrates, and ignition, and combustion. We identified a lack of research in more areas and defined prospects of further development of gas hydrates as a promising strategic resource. One of the immediate problems is that there are no research findings for the effect of sediments and their matrices on hydrate saturation, as well as on gas hydrate formation and dissociation rates. No mathematical models describe the dissociation of gas hydrates under various conditions. There is a lack of research into the renewal and improvement of existing technologies for the easier and cheaper production of gas hydrates and the extraction of natural gas from them. There are no models of gas hydrate ignition taking into account dissociation processes and the self-preservation effect.
Highlights
Huge global stocks of gas hydrates provide an opportunity to reduce the volumes of coal and oil extraction and combustion [1]
No country in the world has embarked on the commercial extraction of gas hydrates due to a lack of research in the field of extraction and ignition technologies of this alternative fuel
Gas hydrate formation is undesirable for the production and transportation of conventional natural gas
Summary
Huge global stocks of gas hydrates provide an opportunity to reduce the volumes of coal and oil extraction and combustion [1]. Gas hydrates are solid crystalline compounds of low molecular weight gases (methane, ethane, butane, propane, etc.) and water. They look like snow or ice and share some physical properties with them [3]. The most widespread hydrate-forming natural gas is methane [6]. Gas hydrate formation is undesirable for the production and transportation of conventional natural gas. This means that the prevention and elimination methods should be further improved [10]. Three major areas in scientific and development studies on gas hydrates [11]. Can be distinguished: formation and dissociation, extraction and transportation technologies of natural gas hydrates, and ignition and combustion. This study reviews the most significant achievements of the scientific community in the outlined research areas, with an additional focus on important problems remaining unsettled
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