Abstract
The leadership and contribution of the final caliph of Ottoman, Sultan Abdul Hamid II are undisputable. A large number of innovations have been made during his 33 years of administration including economics, transportation, communications, education and more. Not to be overlooked is his greatest contribution to the Muslim world when he became the custodian of the first Qibla of Muslims that is al-Aqsa Mosque of the Palestinian land. This study examines the leadership and contribution of Sultan Abdul Hamid II as the last caliph of Ottoman before the fall of the Caliphate system in 1922 through historical method. His leadership is scrutinized in many aspects such as economics when he succeeded in reducing debt levels to just one tenth of total debt. Moreover, his policies in dealing with the Zionist Jewish conspiracy to control Palestine also put pressure on the enemy. Despite the fact that the Ottoman state was unstable, Sultan Abdul Hamid II was able to continue the caliphate legacy under his rule until 1909.
Highlights
Pengenalan Sultan Abdul Hamid II menaiki takhta pada tempoh yang sukar di mana terdapatnya pergerakanpergerakan antarabangsa dan juga nasional yang mula berusaha untuk melemahkan kesatuan Dawlah Uthmaniyyah
This study examines the leadership and contribution of Sultan Abdul Hamid II as the last caliph of Ottoman before the fall of the Caliphate system in 1922 through historical method
His leadership is scrutinized in many aspects such as economics when he succeeded in reducing debt levels to just one tenth of total debt
Summary
Ketokohan dan sumbangan Sultan Abdul Hamid II sebagai khalifah terakhir Dawlah Uthmaniyyah tidak dapat disangkal lagi. Ia terbukti dengan kejayaan baginda menghadapi pelbagai cabaran ekoran daripada permasalahan yang melanda Dawlah Uthmaniyyah semenjak dari mula-mula baginda memegang tampuk pemerintahan lagi iaitu pada tahun 1876 M. Berdasarkan kaedah historis, kajian ini mengkaji ketokohan dan sumbangan Sultan Abdul Hamid II sebagai khalifah terakhir Dawlah Uthmaniyyah sebelum jatuhnya sistem Khilafah pada tahun 1922 M. Ketokohan baginda terlihat dalam pelbagai aspek seperti ekonomi apabila baginda berjaya mengurangkan kadar hutang sehingga menjadi satu persepuluh sahaja daripada jumlah hutang sebelum ini. Meskipun dengan keadaan Dawlah Uthmaniyyah yang tidak stabil, Sultan Abdul hamid II tetap mampu meneruskan kelangsungan Khilafah di bawah pemerintahannya sehingga pada tahun 1909 M. Kata Kunci: Sultan Abdul Hamid II, Dawlah Uthmaniyyah, Zionis, Palestin, Pentadbiran Islam
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