Abstract
KETAMINE, A CHEMICAL derivative of phencyclidine, was first administered to human volunteers in 1964. As the dose was increased, ketamine's effects ranged from “conscious but ‘spaced out’” to general anesthesia. Most subjects described “strange experiences like a feeling of floating in outer space and having no feeling in their arms or legs.” 1 Domino E.F. Taming the ketamine tiger. Anesthesiology. 2010; 113: 678-686 Crossref PubMed Scopus (327) Google Scholar In 1970, ketamine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an anesthetic. With the availability of newer agents such as propofol, ketamine is rarely indicated as an anesthetic. Today, the primary role of ketamine is (1) to provide analgesia and sedation, (2) as an adjunct of multimodal analgesia (acute pain, chronic pain), and most recently (3) as treatment for major depressive disorder. 2 Gao M. Rejaei D. Liu H. Ketamine use in current clinical practice. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016; 37: 865-872 Crossref PubMed Scopus (120) Google Scholar , 3 Sleigh J. Harvey M. Voss L. Denny B. Ketamine—More mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade. Trends Anaesth Crit Care. 2014; 4: 76-81 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (223) Google Scholar Julie Golembiewski, PharmD, Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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