Ketamine-Induced Cholangiopathy: A Case Report

Abstract

The American Journal of GASTROENTEROLOGY VOLUME 106 | MAY 2011 www.amjgastro.com eff ect of HSP. Although all participants in our study were Chinese, we believe the results of the trial are generalizable to FC patients in the West only if the patients are also in excessive syndrome. Th e group receiving placebo seemed to have less severe symptoms at baseline; however, there were no statistically signifi cant diff erences for most of these outcome measures, including the number of complete spontaneous bowel movement. Th e changes of complete spontaneous bowel movement were used for determining the responder rates of HSP and placebo (primary outcome measures). Th erefore, it may not explain the low responder rate of HSP by comparing with other placebo-controlled FC trials on conventional medicine. In previous studies on chronic constipation, the durations of treatment varied from 5 days to 7 months, while run-in period and post-treatment observation period were not included in most of studies ( 4 ). We agree with Dr Whiting et al. that further studies for HSP in diff erent demographic characteristics and / or with longer treatment course and follow-up are worth to implement for assessing the effi cacy of HSP.