Abstract
BackgroundKetamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and also studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on bone cell viability.MethodsSpongious bone chips and parietal bone disks were harvested from rats. Explants were incubated in stem cell media containing 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mM ketamine. After 3 days of incubation, tetrazolium-based spectrophotometric assay was performed to measure cell viability. Size-specific dose estimation was used to calculate ionizing radiation of computed tomography imaging.ResultsWe found that ketamine supplementation with 0.2 mM slightly decreased cell viability, while 2 mM caused significant reduction both in the spongious and cortical explants. The cumulative ionizing radiation was found to be negligible compared to irradiation dosages used to impair ossification.ConclusionsWe conclude that multiple ketamine administration was responsible for the diminished regenerative potential of bone tissue in the present experimental setup. For this reason, we suggest that ketamine anesthesia should be avoided in studies investigating bone regeneration.
Highlights
IntroductionWe have used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events
Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine
In order to observe the dynamics of bone remodeling in a rat critical size calvaria model, in vivo computed tomography scans were performed under ketamine–xylazine anesthesia
Summary
We have used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on bone cell viability. We observed that bone regeneration in the demineralized bone matrixfilled groups is significantly different between the two identically performed experiments. Even though stress itself could effect regeneration, we hypothesized that repeated anesthesia directly influenced the healing capacity of the bone tissue in the present model. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on the bone cell viability of spongious and cortical explants
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