Abstract
In this work, keratin sponges were prepared by freeze-drying method and tested for adsorption of Azure A and Methyl Orange dyes. The obtained materials showed a porosity of 99.92% and a mean pore size dimension of about 91 μm. The use of oxidized sucrose with a heating treatment at 150°C was demonstrated to be a useful crosslinking procedure alternative to the conventional glutaraldehyde. Keratin sponges showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.063 and of 0.037 mmol/g for Azure A and Methyl Orange, respectively. The absorption of the cationic dye Azure A onto keratin sponges was better described by Freundlich model while the isotherm adsorption of the anionic Methyl Orange was found to correlate with both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The mean free energies evaluated by using the D-R model indicated a physisorption of Methyl Orange and a chemisorptions of Azure A onto keratin sponges. Finally, the functionalization of keratin sponges with Zn Al hydrotalcites nanoparticles did not affect the adsorption performances of the adsorbent toward the cationic dye Azure A, while it improved those toward the anionic Methyl Orange, increasing the related removal efficiencies from 43 to 96%. Collectively, the reported data indicates that the combination of keratin with hydrotalcites nanoparticles is a good strategy to obtain more functional adsorbent materials of potential interest for water treatment and purification.
Highlights
Today, water pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem on environment
Freeze-dried keratin sponges are completely soluble in water, they must be suitably crosslinked for applications in water treatment
The tests with sucrose were carried out in order to verify if the Maillard reaction, which occurs between protein and carbohydrate at about 180◦C, synergistically contributes to the sponges crosslinking
Summary
Water pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem on environment. With the increasing applications of aromatic dyes in different industries such as textiles, paper, food, cosmetic, etc., these materials have become dangerous pollutants for aquatic living organism and human health (Aeenjan and Javanbakht, 2018; Afroze and Sen, 2018). Among them, adsorption by means of the use of biomasses, is considered one of the most efficient method to remove pollutant dyes from water, due to its low-cost-biocompatibility and eco-friendliness (Sulyman et al, 2017). Agricultural products, especially those of polysaccharidic nature, such as chitosan, cellulose or nanocellulose, starch and its derivatives, showed a high potential pollutants
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