Keragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Pada Pola Tanam Paper nigrum Yang Berbeda Di Areal Sekitar Lahan Tambang Nikel

Abstract

Pepper cultivation techniques (Paper nigrum) in Indonesia are quite diverse in each region, depending on the type of pepper cultivated, farmer characteristics, and environmental factors, so that pepper cultivation in Indonesia can be grouped into; Conventional cultivation, non-pesticide cultivation, and organic cultivation, with monoculture or polyculture cropping patterns that have different diversity of soil microorganisms and can be beneficial for plant growth, one of which is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This activity aims to isolate, identify and determine the level of colonization of Indigenous AMF from the rhizosphere of pepper. The study began with sampling the rhizosphere in a community-owned pepper plantation with monoculture and polyculture cropping patterns, in East Luwu District, Indonesia. Isolation, identification, and analysis of AMF colonization activities were carried out in the microbiology laboratory of the Makassar Environmental and Forestry Research and Development Center to determine spore morphotype, spore abundance, and AMF colonization level. The results showed that nine AMF morphotypes with low spore density (1-53 spores.100g sample-1) were found, which were dominated by Acaulospora sp. with a high-level colonization rate (≥51%) on pepper with polyculture cropping pattern. Polyculture cropping patterns provide a good environment to complete the life cycle and increase the number of AMF spore populations, so it can be recommended as an environmentally friendly cropping pattern and preserve the indigenous AMF.