Abstract
The efficiency of cross-flow membrane filtration processes is limited by membrane fouling and concentration polarization. The question of membrane fouling and membrane pore blocking during microfiltration is much more important than in the traditional ultrafiltration, not only for the maintenance of acceptable flux but also for the adequate recovery of the permeate components. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that use of a static mixer as turbulence promoter results in enhanced cross-flow microfiltration of skim milk. Experimental investigations were performed on 50-nm and 100-nm ceramic tubular membranes. The use of a static mixer provided a significant reduction of membrane fouling and an increase of more than 700% in permeate flux for both membranes compared with that obtained without a static mixer at the same feed flow rate. The similar flux enhancement indicates that surface layer resistance dominates the overall fouling resistance. Although the power consumption was significantly increased by using a static mixer, a decrease of more than 25% in specific energy consumption for both membranes was achieved with static mixer as compared to arrangement without static mixer in experiments performed at the same cross-flow velocity.
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