Kejadian Ekstravasasi Obat Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker

Abstract

Chemotherapy is a cancer management with drugs. The complication that can be occurred is extravasation. The objective of this study was to analyze factors such as vein conditions, type of medications/chemotherapeutic agents, volume of chemotherapeutic agents, and their correlation with chemotherapy drugs extravasation incidences. This study used cross-sectional observational analytic design, with purposive sampling. The sample of this study was 70 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals. Inclusive criteria were patients with ages 18-65 in their first to fifth cycle of chemotherapy. The observation form was used as research instrument. The study showed that there were no correlation between vein conditions, type of medications/chemotherapeutic agents, and volume of chemotherapeutic agents with extravasation. Most veins were still in good condition while undergoing chemotherapy. The length of time for administering chemotherapy were mostly <24 hours, which contributed for reducing risk for extravasation, although the type of medication used were irritants and vesicants, and with drugs volume of 100�1000 milliliter. The incidences of extravasation that were immediately can be observed during chemotherapy occurred 7.14% of the time. It was possibly occurred by medical devices used, such as infusion pump that was facilitated the nurses in early anticipate drugs leakage outside the veins tissue. Nurses� roles also contributed to reduced extravasation risks. As conclusion, the results shown there were no correlation statistically; however there might be other contributing factors that need to be explored furthermore.