Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a disorder that can lead to several negative outcomes, including overdose and death. A variety of opioids can be abused by individuals including both prescribed and non-prescribed opioids. Continued opioid use can be driven by negative affective states associated with opioid withdrawal. Several treatments exist in the field including medication assisted treatments such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Treatments such as clonidine and lofexidine can also be used to assist with decreasing withdrawal symptoms. Increasing adherence to treatment can further improve patient outcomes and promote continuation with treatment. A variety of methods to reduce relapse can also be utilized such as opioid agonists and maintenance therapy. According to the Centers for Disease Control, opioid overdoses contributed to 67.8% of overdose deaths in 2017.
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