Abstract
Medina states period ended with the death of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Figure that rises to politics and governance is Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, the governor of the territory since ancient caliphate of Sham Umar bin Khattab. He is the founder and also the first Caliph of Umayyad dynasty. Among the policy of Muawiyah is a secular position and serves as the executive head of government. Muawiyah is more direct policies on the expansion of political power or territorial expansion of state territorial. More priority to those bloody Arabs sit in government, non-Arab people do not have the same opportunity with the extent of Arab people. Qadi (judge) has the freedom to decide the case. In addition, it does not leave the element of religion in government. Religious formalities are still adhered and sometimes still display the image of himself as a warrior of Islam. The power of the caliph is absolute. So, the appearance of the Umayyad dynasty rule which takes the form of monarchy, is the second half of the practice of government in the history of the Islamic followers.
Highlights
Syari’at tidak dapat tegak tanpa dukungan politik dan pemerintah
Medina states period ended with the death of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib
Figure that rises to politics and governance is
Summary
Syari’at tidak dapat tegak tanpa dukungan politik dan pemerintah. Ini dapat disimpulkan dari argumentasi Ibn Taimiyah tentang pentingnya kepemimpinan umat. Pendapat Ibn ‘Aqil ini dengan menambahkan komentar “asalkan tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip umum syari’at Islam”.9 Apabila pengertian siyasah syar’iyah tersebut dipahami lebih lanjut, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa siyasah syar’iyyah mengandung beberapa unsur; [1] ada kebijakan, hukum atau aturan; [2] dilakukan oleh penguasa; [3] dimaksudkan untuk kemaslahatan rakyat; dan [4] tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip umum syari’at Islam. Tokoh yang naik ke panggung politik dan pemerintahan adalah Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan, Gubernur wilayah
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