Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya oleh Kelelawar Sub Ordo Megachiroptera di Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja Manokwari, Papua Barat

Abstract

Bats utilizing resources together will differ morphologically, ecologically, and behaviorally. This study aimed to measure species diversity and to investigate resource use by Megachiropteran bats. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), Correspondence Analysis (CA), euclidean distance, chi square, Anova, and niche overlap index. The result showed seven bat species were captured in three habitat types. Plant as food identified from pollen comprised 55 species from 29 families and 11 types of corolla. Dobsonia magna and Rousettus amplexicaudatus preferred mixed fruit plantation, whilst other bat species tended to choose primary forest. Dobsonia minor tended to have high niche overlap against Macroglossus minimus and Nyctemene aello. According to similarity of food resource niche, Dobsonia magna, Dobsonia minor, and Macroglossus minimus tended to closely associate, in contrast, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Nyctemene albiventer, Nyctemene aello, and Syconicteris australis were grouped correspondingly. Niche overlap index of food resource among bat species were overall less than 50%. This indicated that there was no interspecies competition to food resource. Coronoid process height (CPH), maximum zygomatic breadth (MZB), and condyle to canine bite point (CC) were craniodental morphology variables which did not describe certain corolla types. Keywords: species diversity, resource use, niche overlap, Megachiropteran, Gunung Meja