KCNN4 is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Cancer Prognosis and an Essential Molecule that Remodels Various Components in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Pan-Cancer Study.

Abstract

Objectives: Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily N Member 4 (KCNN4) is a member of the KCNN family. Studies have revealed that KCNN4 is implicated in various physiological processes as well as promotes the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. However, little is known about its associations with survival outcomes across varying cancer types. Methods: Herein, we systematically explored the prognostic value of KCNN4 in the pan-cancer dataset retrieved from multiple databases. Next, we performed correlation analysis of KCNN4 expression with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) to assess its potential as a predictor of immunotherapy efficacy. Afterwards, patients were divided into increased-risk group and decreased-risk group based on the contrasting survival outcomes in various cancer types. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the distinctive effects were analyzed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT algorithms, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis. Results: KCNN4 expression levels were aberrant in transcriptomic and proteomic levels between cancer and normal control tissues in pan-cancer datasets, further survival analysis elucidated that KCNN4 expression was correlated to multiple survival data, and clinical annotations. Besides, KCNN4 expression was correlated to TMB and MSI levels in 14 types and 12 types of pan-cancers, respectively. Meanwhile, different types of cancer have specific tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TICs) profiles. Conclusions: Our results revealed that KCNN4 could be an essential biomarker for remodeling components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and a robust indicator for predicting prognosis as well as immunotherapy response in pan-cancer patients.