Abstract
Kashaya, an endangered Pomoan language of northern California, has an iambic stress pattern, assigned within words and phrases. Accent regularly shifts rightward from a (CV:) foot onto the following foot, including opaque contexts when length is lost or moved by other processes. This paper brings into the analysis a class of lexical triggers of accent shift: specific stems with no long vowels on the surface that nonetheless also trigger this shift. I propose an analysis of all varieties of accent shift as alignment of constituents, requiring the head foot to follow the triggering foot. Particular evidence for alignment comes from the fact that it is blocked by phrasal resyllabification of a word-final consonant. I argue for a unified analysis of all cases that employs a diacritic at the level of the foot, which also provides an account for opacity.
Highlights
Kashaya, an endangered Pomoan language of northern California, has an iambic stress pattern, assigned within words and phrases
In the process that Buckley (1994a,b) calls FOOT FLIPPING, a domain-initial expected (CV:) followed by underlying CV surfaces as a perfect iamb (CVCV:), but with accent shift
Kabak & Vogel (2001) treat pre-accentuation as a prosodic word (PrWd) boundary that falls before the suffix, with stress assigned to the final syllable of the PrWd domain
Summary
In Kashaya, iambs are assigned from left to right. Footing is iterative, as evidenced by iambic lengthening (Oswalt 1961, 1988; Buckley 1994a,b, 1997). 1.1 Stress within a word Lexical footing determines the location of iambic lengthening. 1.2 Stress within a phrase Stress is often assigned across two or more words, or to a word and one or more following clitics (Buckley & Gluckman 2012). This is distinct from lexical footing, in particular for words beyond the first in the phrase; iambic lengthening depends on word-internal feet. Once again, when the first word has syllable extrametricality, accent falls on the second or third syllable; but phrasally, the accented syllable is often on the second word of the phrase, or on a clitic. Lexical footing is assigned at the Stem and Word levels (with iambic lengthening only at the Stem level); at the Phrase level, new footing is assigned and lengthening does not apply
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