Abstract
The first-line treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is intravesical Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG). Despite BCG, alternative treatments are urgently required for recurrent or progressive bladder cancer. Cystectomy is the gold standard treatment in BCG failure in bladder cancer. When cystectomy can not be performed for reasons related to the patient, other treatments should be started. Many clinical studies such as intravesical gemcitabine, taxanes or combination treatment, new therapeutic agents,..etc are critical in determining the next step. Alternative to radical cystectomy, well designed and many new treatment studies are still ongoing. They seem ready for routine clinical practice in the near future. We believe that NMIBC treatment modalities will change in the near future. Keywords: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, BCG-refractory, radical cystectomy, intravesical teratments.
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