Abstract
For the first time, cytogenetic features of grasshoppers from Iran have been studied. In this paper we conducted a comparative cytogenetic analysis of six species from the family Pamphagidae. The species studied belong to subfamilies Thrinchinae Stål, 1876 (Eremopeza bicoloripes (Moritz, 1928), E. saussurei (Uvarov, 1918)) and Pamphaginae (Saxetania paramonovi (Dirsh, 1927), Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912, Tropidauchen sp., and Paranothrotes citimus Mistshenko, 1951). We report information about the chromosome number and morphology, C-banding patterns, and localization of ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats. Among these species, only S. paramonovi had an ancestral Pamphagidae karyotype (2n=18+X0♂; FN=19♂). The karyotypes of the remaining species differed from the ancestral karyotypes. The karyotypes of E. bicoloripes and E. saussurei, despite having the same chromosome number (2n=18+X0♂) had certain biarmed chromosomes (FN=20♂ and FN=34♂ respectively). The karyotypes of T. escalerai and Tropidauchen sp. consisted of eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one submetacentric neo-X chromosome and one acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂). The karyotype of P. citimus consisted of seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric the neo-X1 and neo-Y and acrocentric the neo-X2 chromosomes (2n=14+neo-X1 neo-X2 neo-Y♂). Comparative analysis of the localization and size of C-positive regions, the position of ribosomal clusters and the telomeric DNA motif in the chromosomes of the species studied, revealed early unknown features of their karyotype evolution. The data obtained has allowed us to hypothesize that the origin and early phase of evolution of the neo-Xneo-Y♂ sex chromosome in the subfamily Pamphaginae, are linked to the Iranian highlands.
Highlights
Among Pamphagidae grasshoppers, over 300 species inhabit the desert, semidesert and mountainous landscapes of the Palaearctic Region
White (1973) reported a conservative karyotype consisting of acrocentric chromosomes in males and in females with X0♂/XX♀ sex chromosome system
The present study reports the results of our comparative analysis of the karyotypes, C-banding patterns, distribution of clusters of telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats and ribosomal DNA in the chromosomes of the species studied
Summary
Among Pamphagidae grasshoppers, over 300 species inhabit the desert, semidesert and mountainous landscapes of the Palaearctic Region. Cytogenetic information concerning species of Asiotmethis Uvarov, 1943 and Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1951 genera (Thrinchinae) and representatives of Nocarodeini tribe (Pamphaginae) from Central Asia, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, Bulgaria and Turkey have shown variation of sex chromosome systems (Bugrov 1986, 1996; Bugrov and Warchałowska-Śliwa 1997; Bugrov and Grozeva 1998; Bugrov et al 2016; Jetybayev et al 2017a) Those variations modified the organization of standard karyotypes, with species showing eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one metacentric neo-X chromosome and acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n♂=18; 16+neoXneo-Y) and two metacentric neo-X chromosomes in females (2n♂=18; 16+neo-X neo-X). This karyotype originated from an ancestral Pamphagidae chromosome set, as a result of a Robertsonian translocation of a large acrocentric autosome and acrocentric X chromosome (Bugrov 1986, 1996; Bugrov and Warchałowska-Śliwa 1997; Bugrov and Grozeva 1998; Bugrov et al 2016)
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