Karyotype relationships among selected deer species and cattle revealed by bovine FISH probes.

Jan Frohlich,Helena Muskova,Jiri Rubes,Petra Musilova,Svatava Kubickova,Halina Cernohorska,Roman Vodicka,Roscoe Stanyon

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187559

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187559

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Abstract

The Cervidae family comprises more than fifty species divided into three subfamilies: Capreolinae, Cervinae and Hydropotinae. A characteristic attribute for the species included in this family is the great karyotype diversity, with the chromosomal numbers ranging from 2n = 6 observed in female Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis to 2n = 70 found in Mazama gouazoubira as a result of numerous Robertsonian and tandem fusions. This work reports chromosomal homologies between cattle (Bos taurus, 2n = 60) and nine cervid species using a combination of whole chromosome and region-specific paints and BAC clones derived from cattle. We show that despite the great diversity of karyotypes in the studied species, the number of conserved chromosomal segments detected by 29 cattle whole chromosome painting probes was 35 for all Cervidae samples. The detailed analysis of the X chromosomes revealed two different morphological types within Cervidae. The first one, present in the Capreolinae is a sub/metacentric X with the structure more similar to the bovine X. The second type found in Cervini and Muntiacini is an acrocentric X which shows rearrangements in the proximal part that have not yet been identified within Ruminantia. Moreover, we characterised four repetitive sequences organized in heterochromatic blocks on sex chromosomes of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). We show that these repeats gave no hybridization signals to the chromosomes of the closely related moose (Alces alces) and are therefore specific to the reindeer.

Highlights

The Cervidae family includes more than fifty different species which are divided into three subfamilies: Capreolinae, Cervinae and Hydropotinae [1]
Whole peripheral blood samples of the 3 specimens of red deer (Cervus elaphus, 2n = 68), milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus, 2n = 68), rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa, 2n = 60), Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii, 2n = 58), moose (Alces alces, 2n = 68), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, 2n = 70), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, 2n = 70), fallow deer (Dama dama, 2n = 68), Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi, 2n = 46) and giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis; 2n = 30) were obtained from captive born animals held in the Czech zoological gardens and a private deer farm (Bila Lhota, Czech Republic) (Table 1)
E. davidianus (EDA) was chosen as a model representative of family Cervidae whose karyotype has never been studied by molecular cytogenetic methods

Summary

Introduction

The Cervidae family includes more than fifty different species which are divided into three subfamilies: Capreolinae, Cervinae and Hydropotinae [1]. Several of the Cervidae species have a growing economic potential as farm animals, but they are hunted for trophies. Most species are threatened and need protection. A distinctive trait of this family is the great diversity of karyotypes amongst respective species, with the chromosomal numbers (2n) ranging from 6 in female Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis to 70 in Mazama gouazoubira [2].

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