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Abstract
The karyotype of Greek cobitid fish Cobitisstrumicae Karaman, 1955, from Lake Volvi, Greece, a representative of one of its two major intraspecific phylogenetic lineages, was analysed by means of sequential Giemsa-staining, C-banding, silver-staining, CMA3 fluorescence banding and also by in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probe. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50, karyotype composed of 10 pairs of metacentric to submetacentric and 15 pairs of subtelocentric to acrocentric chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) as revealed by Ag- and CMA3 staining and FISH were situated in the telomeric region of the fourth submetacentric chromosome pair. The chromosomes contained very low content of C-positive heterochromatin. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected. This first karyotype report for any species of lineage Bicanestrinia Băcescu, 1962 shows a simple karyotype dominated by acrocentric chromosomes and possessing single NOR-bearing chromosome pair. Cytotaxonomic implications of this finding for the taxonomy of the genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 are further discussed.
Highlights
The genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 attracted the interest of evolutionary biologists by producing several gynogenetic female-only lineages after hybridisation of species (Bohlen and Ráb 2001)
This study reports on the karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics of Greek cobitid fish C. strumicae from population inhabiting Lake Volvi, Greece, analysed by means of sequential Giemsa-staining, C-banding, silver-staining, Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) fluorescence banding and by in situ hybridization (FISH) with 28S rDNA
We examined chromosomes of C. strumicae by means of several banding methods detecting sites of major ribosomal DNA, i.e. sites of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) (Ráb et al 1996)
Summary
The genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 attracted the interest of evolutionary biologists by producing several gynogenetic female-only lineages after hybridisation of species (Bohlen and Ráb 2001). Species of Cobitis are morphologically highly similar and difficult to identify on the basis of morphologic characters They have a pronounced sexual dimorphism with males being smaller than females and developing an ossified plate-like structure on the dorsal side of the pectoral fins, called ‘lamina circularis’. Chromosome studies have shown that most species have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50, but highly diversified karyotypes (reviewed in Ráb and Slavík 1996, Arai 2011) This genetic marker appears to be one of the key parameter in the genetic and taxonomic studies of Cobitis loaches, e.g. Ráb and Slavík (1996), Boroň and Danilkiewicz (1998), Vasil’eva and Vasil’ev (1998), Ráb et al (2007), and serves as one of the determination tools to identify genome composition in hybridogenous clonal asexual biotypes (Janko et al 2007, Majtánová et al 2016)
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