Abstract
Ten species of the Monocelidinae have been examined. All were found to be regularly diploid. Four of them show the chromosome number n=3 and remarkably similar karyotypes (one pair of large metacentrics, one pair of medium sized metacentrics and one pair of small heterobrachial chromosomes). This set is considered as basic (plesiomorphic) for the family Monocelididae. Three species present n=4 and three species n=5, with an increase of heterobrachial chromosomes. Based on karyometrical data, it is suggested that these complements are derived from the basic complement through fission of one or both metacentric chromosomes, respectively. Further minor chromosome rearrangements, involving centromere position, were observed.
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